1. Promoting Connectivity：

According to the World Bank report: The measure of connectivity is closely correlated with important economic variables, such as the degree of liberalization of air transport markets, and the extent of participation in international production networks.

2. Connectivity and Liberalization：

Liberalization has been promoted as a key to improving connectivity since the first liberal agreements were signed in the late 1970s. However, recently, there has been a movement in Europe, the U.S. and elsewhere to re-examine the liberal agreements, possibly to restrict access by certain carriers, most notably carriers from the Gulf region. Incumbent carriers believe that the Gulf carriers (though unfair competition) have gained to large a market share.

3. Liberalization and Market Entry

It is evident that if we want to continue promoting connectivity through liberalization, we need to examine the impact of market entry made possible through these liberal agreements.